课件 专业英语 plasticizers lesson 7 plasticizers.ppt

Accessory ingredients plasticizers antioxidants thermal stabilizers (heat stabilizers) light stabilizers flame retardant (flame retardant ) lubricant antistatic agent crosslinking agent coupling agent Lesson 7 Plasticizers plastic:n, adj 填充剂：又称填料。使用其的主要目的是增加制品的体积，降低成本，故又有增量剂之称。 Fillers are particles added to a matrix material, usually to improve its properties or lower its cost. 抗静电剂（antistatic agent） 抗静电剂是一种能防止产生静电荷，或能有效地消散静电荷的以表面活性剂为主体的化学添加剂 。 An antistatic agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or their surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate buildup of static electricity generally caused by the triboelectric effect. 着色剂 (Coloring agent) 。 发泡剂 blowing agent 变定剂（固化剂） curing agent * fine chemicals surfactants adhesives accessory ingredients …… Plasticizer thermoplast thermoset Plasticizer 增塑剂塑化剂 Plasticizer 水被称为生命的增塑剂。在自然界中，水作为增塑剂应用非常广泛，它能够使物体具有自然的弹性。 Plasticizing H2O 由于水的沸点较低，因此常使用其它高沸点的多羟基化合物，如甘油（丙三醇）来代替水作为增塑剂。 Plasticizer 一些聚合物具有较强的分子间作用力（如色散力、范德华力、氢键作用等），例如PVC、PVA、淀粉等，强烈的分子间作用使得这些聚合物的加工温度高于其热分解温度，因而难以加工。 增塑剂的主要作用是削弱聚合物分子之间的次价健力，从而增加了聚合物分子链的移动性，降低了聚合物分子链的结晶性，即增加了聚合物的塑性，表现为聚合物的硬度、模量、软化温度和脆化温度下降，而伸长率、曲挠性和柔韧性提高。 Plasticizers are additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of the material to which they are added. stability　 higher boiling point　 lower volatility　 certain compatibility Common plasticizer C O C O OR OR phthalate Aliphatic diacid esters C O OR’ R C O R’O OR P O RO OR phosphate epoxidized soybean oil Aliphatic polyester C O O C O O ( ) n 填充剂和增强剂 (Fillers and Enhancers) Filler Increase strength, toughness , impact-resistance; heat-resistance Lower the cost of plastics talcum powder 滑石粉 Tripolite 硅藻土 Limestone powder 石灰石粉 Graphite 石墨 Mica 云母 Carbon black 炭黑 Asbestos 石棉 Fiberglass 玻璃纤维 Starch 淀粉 Wood flour 木粉 Functions Examples Calcium carbonate Silicon dioxide Carbon black Titanium dioxide Rutile 金红石 Anatase 锐钛矿 Brookite 板钛矿 Wood-Plastic Composites Antiox