英国文学史及选读 the renaissance.pptxVIP

Unit 4 The Renaissance I. BackgroundII. ShakespeareBackground The Renaissance is an epoch时期，时代 of social and cultural development not only for all Western Europe but also for England.Great changes have taken place in England in every aspect.A. Politically:a. The absolute monarchy君主专制政体 was formed in England. King Henry VIII broke off with the Pope(天主教)教皇;罗马教皇 so that the secular现世的;世俗的;非宗教的 and religious power was consolidated合并,联合,统一 under one king. b. The old English aristocracy贵族 was taken the place by a new nobility totally dependent on the king’s power.c. The class of bourgeoisie composed of由…组成，构成 the rich merchants and handicraftsmen手工业者 living in the cities came into being出现，形成.B. Economically:The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundation of capitalism.a. Manufactories were developing and the wool trade was rapidly growing.The large-scale enclosure圈地;围场 of common landIt’s a time called by Thomas More “sheep devoured吞食 men” period.b. The victory over Span consolidated巩固，加强 Great Britain’s right on the high seas公海 and in world trade.C. Socially:The uprisings of peasants农民,佃农 were ruthlessly无情地;冷酷地;残忍地 suppressed压制，镇压 .D. Culturally:Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state, this period is marked by a flourishing茂盛，繁荣，兴旺 of national culture known as Renaissance.*Renaissancea. “renaissance”― a French word, meaning “rebirth”, “revival苏醒；复活；复兴 ”b. it is first used to indicate a revival of classical (Greek and Rome) arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism蒙昧主义 . Renaissancec. Now it is used to indicate the intellectual and literary movement over Europe from the 14th to the early 17th century.Renaissanced. A great number of the works of classical authors were translated into English during the 16th century.e. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. *HumanismThe study and propagation增殖，繁殖,