英语句子成分版.ppt

句子的成分 (一)句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分 主要成分有主语和谓语 次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语  句子的成分 、主语( Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形 容词和主语从句等表示。例如: The sun rises in the east.(名词 He likes swimming.(代词 Twenty is enough.(徵数词  句子的成分 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式 Smoking does harm to health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词 What he needs is a book(主语从句) It is very clear that he is right. t形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)  句子的成分 二、谓语〔 Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句 中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成 He practices running every morning The plane took off at ten oclock  句子的成分 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词+动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks (2)由助动词+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词构成。 Do you speak English? They are working in a field He has caught a bad cold (3)由系动词+表语构成。 We are students 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。  句子的成分 三、宾语(0 bject) 表示动作的对象或承受者。 般位于及物动词和介词后面。 可作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词 化的形容词和宾语从句等。例如: 1. He is doing his homework,(名词) 2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time (代词、动名词) 3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five (名词、数词)  句子的成分 They helped the old with their housework yesterday (名词化形容词,名词) He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music:(动名词短语) think(that) he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)  句子的成分 四、表语 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词 之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名 词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。 Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) sit you5?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)  句子的成分 四、表语 His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby is playing footbal!.(动名词) The meeting is of great importance.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over..(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad (表语从句)  句子的成分 注意:系动词( Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语 的状态,性质特征和身份等。 1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher 2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有 keop, remain,stay,lie, stand,例如: He always