病理学英文课件：Hemodynamic Disorders and Thromboembolic Disease.ppt

Summary: Hemodynamics Increases Hemorrhage General: Bruise/Hematoma Petechia Purpura Ecchymosis Regional: head Epistaxis Hemoptysis Intracranial hemorrhage Hyphema Subconjunctival hemorrhage torso Hemothorax Hemopericardium Pulmonary hematoma abdomen Gastrointestinal bleeding Haemobilia Hemoperitoneum Hematocele Hematosalpinx joint Hemarthrosis Edema General: Anasarca Angioedema/Lymphedema Exudate/Transudate Regional: Cerebral edema Pulmonary edema Hydrothorax Ascites/hydroperitoneum Hydrosalpinx Other Hyperemia Requirement Term statement congestion, heart failure cell, pulmonary brown induration, nutmeg liver, thrombosis, embolus, mixed thrombus, infarction, red infarct, white infarct, edema Question and answer 1. Types and morphology of thrombus. 2. Types and affection of embolus. 3. Pathological changes and types of infarct. 4. Cause, gross and light microscopic changes of chronic liver congestion. * Embolus derived from a lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and now impacted in a pulmonary artery branch. The most common cause of FES is blunt trauma. 90 % of fat embolism syndrome occurs after blunt trauma complicated by long-bone fractures Closed fractures had a higher incidence of Fat Embolic Syndrome compared to open fractures. This was thought to be because the intramedullary bone pressure is lower in case of open fractures, which reduces the bulk of fat emboli propelled into the blood stream. * Less common cause of FES Disease-related causes are due to the process of fat or marrow necrosis (osteomyelitis, pancreatitis, panniculitis, sickle cell C variant, crush injury, alcoholic fatty liver)or by the increased concentration of lipids in the blood. Like the liposomes of certain intravenous fat emulsions associated with embolic effects in acutely ill patients, chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) show calcium-dependent agglutination by C-reactive protein (CRP). It is suggested that non-traumatic fat embolis