航海英语 航海英语 mooring of ships.ppt

* Mira Flores Locks 4-roller fear lead Towing Bracket * Smit Towing Bracket * Chocks and buttons * Bits and Bollards * Panama chocks * Roller Chocks * Roller Fairleads * Towing pads (point d’attache pour le cable de remorque) * Mooring alongside a classic berth (quay) * Mooring alongside a classic berth (quay) * Mooring alongside a T-berth * Mooring with 2 anchors * Ship to ship * SPM – Single Point Mooring Buoy * SPM - buoy * SPM - buoy * FPSO – single point mooring * FSO - operations * STL – Submerged Turret Loading * STP – Submerged Turret Production * STP – Submerged Turret Production * Efficient mooring The efficiency of a mooring rope depends on the following factors Material (steel wire or synthetic – elongation MBL) Length Angles in the horizontal plane in the vertical plane * Function of the different ropes Head- and stern lines the springs are stabilising the ship alongside Breast line will prevent the ship to break free from the berth Breast lines must be as perpendicular as possible to the ships longitudinal axis Springs must be as parallel as possible to the berth * Recommendations The function of springs and breast lines is clear. Springs are preventing longitudinal movement, while Breast are opposing transversal movements. The function of head and the stern lines depends on their angle with the longitudinal axis. Great angle = they serve mainly as breast line while Small angle = stopping longitudinal movement * The ideal configuration will rarely be achieved. To obtain a perfect mooring configuration their must be a perfect harmony between the ships equipment , disposition on board and the configuration ashore Berthing ships is always a matter of compromises * Following recommendations have been published by the OCIMF = Oil Company International Maritime Forum The recommendations are valid for a tanker moored alongside a T-berth * Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective mooring The horizontal angles of head-, stern- and breast