非谓语动词(加料篇).docVIP

非谓语动词 不定式(否定not to do) 动名词(否定not doing) 现在分词 过去分词 一般式 to do Doing Doing Done Vt. → 被动，完成 Vi. → 完成 一般被动式 to be done Being done Being done 完成式 to have done Having done Having done 完成被动式 to have been done Having been done Having been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ ╳ ╳ 分词 ╳ ╳ √ √ √ √ 1非谓语动词作主语（不定式和动名词，分词不行） 不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语 不定式的复合结构It is+adj.+ for sb./of sb. to do (for前的adj.修饰to后的内容，of前的形容词修饰sb.) Eg. It is important for us to protect our eyes.(重要的是保护眼睛不是我们) It is foolish of him to open the box.(愚蠢的是他不是盒子) Eg. To study English hard is important.=It is important to study English hard. 在adj+to do的结构中，不定式多用主动表示被动 Difficult/easy/hard/nice/pleasant/interesting/bitter/fit/dangerous/light/important+to do这些形容词在句中作表语或宾补 Eg. He found the problem difficult to solve. 动名词做主语 常见的结构有：It’s no use/ useless/ good/ no good/no need/ fun/ interest/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure/ worthwhile + doing Eg. It is a waste of time talking to him. There is(was) no +doing Eg. There is no telling what will happen. There is a chance of (doing) sth. 有做某事的机会 【不定式和动名词在做主语时的区别】 Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.(泛指时不定式和动名词区别不大, 表示习惯性的动作时多用动名词) To adopt a pet is not easy.(具体的行为，特别是将来的行为，只用不定式) 2 非谓语动词作表语 Your task is to clean the classroom.（不定式，表示具体的一次性动作） What he want to do is finish his homework.(省略to的不定式) 当不定式短语作表语用来解释前面从句中出现的do/does/did的含义时，to常省略。 His hobby is playing basketball.（动名词，表示习惯性动作） The work is tiring.（现在分词） The worker is tired.（过去分词表状态） The book is well written.(过去分词表被动) 现在分词表主动，表示起这种作用，具备使别人怎么样的特性；过去分词表被动，表示受到影响或刺激后怎么样 【不定式和动名词作表语时的区别】与作主语时的区别一致 〖注意〗不定式和动名词作表语时，主语和表语的形式上要一致。Eg. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. (而不能说seeing is to believe.) 【动名词和现在分词作表语时的区别】 动名词作表语=一个名词 主表可互换 Eg. My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job. 现在分词作表语=一个形容词 主表不能互换 Eg. My job is interesting. 不能说interesting is my job. 3 非谓语动词作宾语（不定式和动名词，分词不行） 即可接不定式有可接动名词作宾语的动词有： Continue, begin, start to do 接不定式和动名词 doi