非谓语动词的独立主格结构.docVIP

非谓语动词的独立主格结构 英语中常用独立主格结构表达复杂信息，独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语是不一致的，它独立存在。“名词或代词 + 非谓语动词”构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 一、不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于有很多的家庭作业需要做，我只好一整天呆在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 有这么多的孩子需要照顾，这位母亲只好辞了工作。 二、动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应用动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，在句中常作时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语、原因状语和条件状语。 （1）表示时间 The audience having seated themselves, the concert began. （= After the audience had seated themselves ...） 观众坐好之后，音乐会开始了。 （2）表示方式或伴随 The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale, toward another room. (= The coward was backing ... room while his face was ...) 那个胆小鬼脸色煞白向另一个房间退去。 （3）表示原因 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (= As the guide led the way ...) 有向导领路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。 （4）表示条件 Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. (= If weather permits ...) 如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 三、过去分词构成的独立主格结构 过去分词构成的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语 + 过去分词”构成，在句中作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。 （1）表示时间 The task completed, we had a global traveling. (= The task having been completed ... = After the task was completed ...) 完成任务后，我们进行了一次环球旅行。 （2）表示方式或伴随 When in trouble, Sadie would sit alone, head bent. (= ... Sadie would sit alone and her head was bent.) 塞迪遇到麻烦时，总是低着头独自坐着。 （3）表示原因 Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Nora felt on edge. （= As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ...） 上千只眼睛看着她，诺拉感到紧张。 Many funny pictures included in this book, a great many children love reading it. (= As many funny pictures were included in this book ...) 这本书包括很多有趣的图片，所以很多孩子喜欢阅读。 （4）表示条件 The book written in simple English, it will be more popular. (= If the book is written in simple English ...) 如果这本书用简易英语写的话，将会更受欢迎。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. (= If more time and money are given ...) 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们就能提前完成这项