语用学名词解释.pdf

.. 语用学名词解释 Syntax 句法学 : syntax is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms,how they are arranged in sequence,and which sequences are well-formed. Semantics 语义学 :semantics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and entities in the world;that is,how words literally connect to things. Discourse analysis 话语分析 ：is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken, signed language use or any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis — discourse, writing, talk, conversation, communicative event, etc. — are variously d efined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences, propositions, speech acts or turns-at-talk. Different Cultural Assumptions 差异文化假设 : It refer to the fact that even though peopl e in situations such as we study agree on the overall purpose of the interaction, there are often radical differences as to what expectations and rights are involved at any one time. Cross-cultural pragmatic failure 跨 文 化 语 用 错 误 :It includes pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failure. Face 面子 : means the public self-image of a person. it refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Politeness 礼貌 : means that someone shows awareness of another persons face. face wants 面子需求 : within social interactions, people generally behave as if there expectations concerning their public self-image Deixis 指示 : A technical term for one of the most basic things we do with utterances. It means “pointin