非谓语动词考点讲解及练习.docVIP

PAGE 6 非谓语动词 一、什么是非谓语动词？ 1. “非谓语非谓语”, 就是不能做谓语的动词 谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He will go to Shanghai. You looked smart. 非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。 Climbing mountains is great fun. To visit China is my next goal. 非谓语动词包括：1）不定式 to + v 2）动词v-ing 3）过去分词 v-ed 2.非谓语使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下 She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. 3．构成形式 make 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 前面 直接 加not to do to make to be making to have made to be made to have been made ing making having made being made having been made ed ? made? vt.(被动完成) risen vi (主动完成) 4．用法 句法功能 基本用法 主 宾 表 定 状 补 to do √ √ √ √ √ √ 表目的，将来，某一次具体动作 ing √ √ √ √ √ √ 1.习惯性动作，抽象概念 2.主动进行，令人…的 ed √ √ √ √ 被动，完成，感到…的 二、用法比较 （一）．不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别 1. -ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性，习惯性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Learning a foreign language is very useful. It is not very good for you to smoke so much． 2..不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。常见句型有it is adj. (of/for sb.) to do sth. （1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3..-ing在“It is no use/ no good/useless + doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。 It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters. 4.. 主表对称原则Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. （二）．不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别 1.-ing形式作宾语通常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作 I like swimming , but I don’t like to swim today. 2. 1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语： afford / agree/attempt/ choose / decide / demand / determine /desire/ expect / fail / hesitate / intend/hope / long / manage / offer / plan / prepare / pretend / promise / refuse / want / wish 2)有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语： admit / advise / allow / appreciate / avoid / consider /delay / deny / / dislike / enjoy / escape / excuse / forbid / imagine / keep / mind / miss / permit / practise / risk / stand，can’t help, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be