英语语用学-名词解释.docxVIP

1. Pragmatics?is?the?study?of?language?in?use. Pragmatics?is?concerned?with?the?study?of?meaning?as?communicated?by?a?speaker?(or?writer)?and?interpreted?by?a listener?(or?reader). Pragmatics?is?the?study?of?speaker?meaning Pragmatics?is?the?study?of?contextual?meaning Pragmatics?is?the?study?of?the?expression?of?relative?distance. .Pragmatics?is?the?study?of?the?relationships?between?linguistic?forms?and?the?users?of?those?forms . 2. Syntax?is?the?study?of?the?relationships?between?linguistic?forms,?how?they?are?arranged?in?sequence,?and?which sequences?are?well-formed. 3. Semantics?is?the?study?of?the?relationships?between?linguistic?forms?and?entities?in?the?world;?that?is,?how?words literally?connect?to?things. 4. Deixis?指示语?is?a?technical?term?(from?Greek)?for?one?of?the?most?basic?things?we?do?with?utterances.?It?means ‘pointing’?via?language.?Any?linguistic?form?used?to?accomplish?this?‘pointing’?is?called?a?deictic?expression.?Deictic expressions?are?also?sometimes?called?indexicals.?They?are?among?the?first?forms?to?be?spoken?by?very?young?children and?can?be?used?to?indicate?people?via?person?deixis?(such?as,?‘me’,?‘you’),?or?location?via?spatial?deixis?(such?as?‘here’, ‘there’),?or?time?via?temporal?deixis?(such?as?‘now’,?‘then’). 5. Proximal?terms?近指?are?typically?interpreted?in?terms?of?the?speaker’s?location,?or?thedeictic?center?指示中心.‘this’, ‘there’,?‘now’,?‘then’near?speaker 6. Distal?terms?远指?can?simply?indicate?‘away’?from?speaker’,?but,?in?some?languages,?can?be?used?to?distinguish between?‘near?addressee’?and?‘away?from?both?speaker?and?addressee’. 7. Person?deixis?人称指示语?clearly?operates?on?a?basic?three-part?division?,?exemplified?例证?by?the?pronouns?for?first person,?second?person,?and?third?person./?forms?used?to?point?to?people,?“me””you” 8. Expressions?which?indicate?addressee?higher?status?are?described?as?honorifics?敬语. 9. The?discussion?of?the?circumstances?which?lead?to?the?choice?of?one?of?these?forms?rather?than?another?is?sometimes des