耳鼻喉学课件：Laryngitis.ppt

Laryngitis Introduction Laryngitis is one of the most common conditions identified in the larynx. Laryngitis, an inflammation of the larynx, manifests in both acute and chronic forms. Acute laryngitis has an abrupt onset and is usually self-limited. If a patient has symptoms of laryngitis for more than 3 weeks, the condition is classified as chronic laryngitis. Etiology Acute Chronic Infection Infections GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) GERD Environmental insults Environmental insults Vocal trauma Voice abuse Systemic diseases Neurologic causes Muscular disorders Allergic responses Symptoms Acute Chronic Hoarse voice, dysphonia Hoarse voice, dysphonia Cough cough Sore throat Dysphagia and otalgia Fatigue, malaise Stridor due to laryngospasm Symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection (ie, fever, rhinitis) Physical Examination Acute Chronic Treatment Acute Chronic Antimicrobial Antimicrobial Inhaling humidified air Inhaling humidified air Complete voice rest voice rest Proton pump blocking Proton pump blocking Identification and avoidance of environmental and occupational sensitizers Identification and avoidance of environmental and occupational sensitizers Vocal Polyps and Nodules Introduction Vocal polyps and nodules are the two major causes of hoarse voice: interfer the movenent (especially closure) of the vocal cords. Etiology Polyps Nodules Abuse or misuse of Voice Abuse or misuse of Voice Endocrine disturbance Endocrine disturbance Smoking Allergy Pathology Polyps Nodules Unaltered BM thickness Thickened BM Fibronectin depositions around neovasculature Dense fibronectin arrangement within LP Epithelial changes Marked vascularity Hyaline stromal changes Symptoms Polyps Nodules Hoarse voice, dysphonia Hoarse voice, dysphonia Physical Examination Polyps Nodules Differential Diagnosis Acute Laryngitis Chronic Laryngitis Differential Diagnosis Laryngea