2.4 经典演讲视频文档-1.pdf

Garry Kasparov 00:13 This story begins in 1985, when at age 22, I became the World Chess Champion after beating Anatoly Karpov. Earlier that year, I played what is called simultaneous exhibition against 32 of the worlds best chess-playing machines in Hamburg, Germany. I won all the games, and then it was not considered much of a surprise that I could beat 32 computers at the same time.To me, that was the golden age. 00:49 (Laughter) 00:51 Machines were weak, and my hair was strong. 00:55 (Laughter) 00:58 Just 12 years later, I was fighting for my life against just one computer in a match called by the cover of Newsweek The Brains Last Stand. No pressure. 01:12 (Laughter) 01:15 From mythology to science fiction, human versus machine has been often portrayed as a matter of life and death. John Henry, called the steel-driving man in the 19th century African American folk legend, was pitted in a race against a steam-powered hammer bashing a tunnel through mountain rock. John Henrys legend is a part of a long historical narrative pitting humanity versus technology. And this competitive rhetoric is standard now. We are in a race against the machines, in a fight or even in a war. Jobs are being killed off. People are being replaced as if they had vanished from the Earth. Its enough to think that the movies like The Terminator or The Matrix are nonfiction. 02:11 There are very few instances of an arena where the human body and mind can compete on equal terms with a computer or a robot. Actually, I wish there were a few more. Instead, it was my blessing and my curse to literally become the proverbial man in the man versus machine competition that everybody is still talking about. In the most famous human-machine competition since John Henry, I played two matches against the IBM supercomputer, Deep Blue. Nobody remembers that I won the first match -- 03:01 (Laughter) 03:03 (Applause) 03:07 In Philadelp