八年级英语阅读理解解题技巧专项讲解练习.doc

八年级英语阅读理解解题技巧专项讲解练习 一、如何获取段落的主旨和大意？ 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点： （1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其它句子来看，这种概括性更为明显。 （2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。 （3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。 在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种 二、主题句在段中的位置分类 1. 主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。 一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如： A All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. 在这篇短文之后有一道考查主题的阅读理解题： 59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things 第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。 根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：这篇短文最好的标题是Food Chains。 B A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear, remember and speak two languages every day, In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too. 这段文章，很显然开头句就是主题句 A good memory is a great help in learning a language。 C Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. F