现在完成时讲解及练习题及答案(打印版).docVIP

PAGE PAGE 2 时态讲解：现在完成时 一、构成：由助动词have/has + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 否定式 疑问式 I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…? You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…? He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…? 否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定） Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. 二、用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。例： My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 ★注意：1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 3）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。 4）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 练习：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 5）现在完成时现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连