AP微观经济学 第六单元 市场衰败和政府作用 知识点总结课件 AP Microeconomics Unit 6 Summary.pptVIP

Welfare provides a safety net for citizens(retirement, unemployment, workers comp, health, etc.)BUT, what are some possible downsides? Where does the government get the money for welfare? * Taxes * What are Taxes? Why does the government tax? Two purposes: Finance government operations. Public goods-highways, defense, employee wages Fund Programs- welfare, social security 2. Influence economic behavior of firms and individuals. Ex: Excise taxes on tobacco raises tax revenue and discourages the use of cigarettes. Taxes – mandatory payments made to the government to cover costs of governing. * Three Types of Taxes  1. Progressive Taxes -takes a larger percent of income from high income groups (takes more from rich people). Ex: Current Federal Income Tax system 3. Regressive Taxes –takes a larger percentage from low income groups (takes more from poor people). Ex: Sales tax; any consumption tax. 2. Proportional Taxes (flat rate) –takes the same percent of income from all income groups. Ex: 20% flat income tax on all income groups *  What kind of taxes are these? (THINK % of Income) Toll road tax ($1 per day) State income tax where richer citizens pay higher % $.45 tax on cigarettes Medicare tax of 1% of every dollar earned 8.25% California sales tax * Three Types of Taxes Federal Income Tax Debate Equal Tax of $350 per week (Regressive Tax) Income Amount of Tax % Amount to live on $200 $350 175% -$150)[crime?] $350 $350 100% $0 $500 $350 70% $150 $1,000 $350 35% $650 $5,000 $350 7% $4,650 Tax tax of 20% per week (Proportional Tax) Income Amount of Tax Amount to live on $200 $40 $160 $350 $70 $280 $500 $100 $400 $1,000 $200 $800 $5,000 $1,000 $4,000 * Federal Income Tax Debate This is our current system. Is it fair? The Progressive tax system is the most effective way to fight this market failure GREAT NEWS… YOU ARE DONE WITH MICRO!!!! *