词的分类与搭配.pptVIP

有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，而不跟动名词。 Eg:decide，plan，desire，expect，hope, wish ,pretend, promise , refuse , afford, agree, ask, fail, tend , manage 3)作宾语补足语: He asked me to work with him. 在feel , hear , notice, observe,see,watch,have,let ,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to. 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。 动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to cant choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式省略to。 Eg: She could do nothing but cry. 4)作定语。Eg:I have some books for you to read. (1). 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有介词。 He is looking for a room to live in. 不定式所修饰的名词如是time，place，way，不定式后面介词省去。He had no money and no place to live. (2). 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语 态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 Have you anything to send? (你有什么东西要寄吗? 不定式to send的动作执行者是你) Have you anything to be sent ? 不定式to be sent的动作执行者是我或别人 5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 I came here to see you. (目的) We were very excited to hear the news. (原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果) To look at him，you would like him·(条件) 6.目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示 ,但so as to不能置于句首。不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。 I am very glad to hear it. The question is difficult to answer. too+形容词或副词+不定式作状语。 He is too old to do that 句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。 The room is big enough to hold us. 7)作独立成分。To tell the truth , I don’t agree with you . 8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾 语等。 He didn’t know what to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) 在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不完式不带:to， 9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，如何判断： (1)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主渭关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door?) (2)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。 I have got a letter to write.( I write a letter) 但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式: I know what is to be done.这是因为what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语what是动词do的动作对象。 (3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们认为形容词后省去了for sb。 He is hard to talk to. (to