无船承运人的海事赔偿责任限制权探讨.doc

无船承运人这个概念是随着海运业的发展而岀现的，从产生到现在几十年，它越来越受 关注，但相比其他海运主体，有关它的制度还不够完善。我国第一次以立法形式提出无船承 运业务经营者的概念，是在2002颁布的《海运条例》，这标志着无船承运人正式成为我国航 运市场的主体。但是这一制度确立之后也带来了许多问题，尤其是在海事赔偿责任限制领域, 关于无船承运人是否为赔偿责任限制的主体，法律未作明确规定，而理论和实践中对此存在 着很大的争议。无船承运人并不因为不实际经营船舶就不承担海上风险，相反他在运输贸易 中要而临着巨大的风险，而其赔偿责任承担能力却相对较弱，为公平地保障无船承运人的利 益、促进海运业和无船承运业的长远发展，赋予无船承运人以海事赔偿责任限制的主体资格, 具有很大的必要性。同时，救助人、责任保险人等对船舶不想有利益的主体的引入，也使得 责任限制主体必须对船舶享有利益这个理论基础不攻自破。因此，赋予无船承运人海事赔偿 责任限制权是完全可行且应当的。 文章分为三个部分，第一部分简单介绍了海事赔偿责任限制制度，以及这个制度现存的 意义。第二部分从定义及与其他概念的区别等方而概述了无船承运人，还特别指出了无船承 运人与实际承运人在责任承担方面的区别，为第三部分强调“若不提供无船承运人海事赔偿 贵任限制，则对无船承运人不公平”作铺垫。 第三部分是文章的中心部分，首先阐述了学界反对无船承运人成为责任限制的理由，并 用笔者自己的理解对这些理由一一进行了讨论与辩驳，其次从海事主体的发展趋势、无船承 运人特征及公平正义三个角度，说明了无论从实践发展方面，还是理论发展各方面，将无船 承运人列入海事赔偿责任限制主体范由的必要性及合理性。 关键字： 无船承运人；海事赔偿责任限制；主体范围 Abstract NVOCC is the concept with the development of shipping indusby. And from producing to decades now, it gets more and more attention? But compared to other shipping subject system, it is not perfect enough? The first time in legislation form in our countiy put fonvard the concept of the non-vessel shipping operator only in 2002 promulgated the law of the Peoples Republic of China on international ocean shipping (hereinafter referred to as the regulations on international maritime transportation), marking the NVOCC became the subject of Chinas shipping market. However, after the establishment of this system has also brought many problems, especially in the NVOCC field Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, NVOCC about whether the right to limit liability for maritime claims, the law does not make clear that, while the theoiy and in practice, there is considerable controversy on this. NVOCC operation of the ship is not because they do not actually do not bear the risks at sea. on the contrary he was in transit trade to face enormous risks, and the affordability of its liability is relatively weak, fair and protect NVOCC interests and promote long-term development and the maritime industry NVOCC industiy, given the qualification