Ancient Rome古罗马简单介绍.ppt

Government Government Background Roman Republic founded after the end of the Etruscan Kingship in 509 B.C. Based on the Ancient Greek model of government Republic 509 B.C.-27 B.C.; Empire 31 B.C.-293 A.D. The Republic Roman laws traditionally could only be passed by a vote of the popular assembly Candidates for public positions had to run for election by the people The Senate held great authority, but no actual legislative power; it was technically only an advisory council Senators were chosen from among the most accomplished patricians by Censors who could also remove a Senator from his office if he was found morally corrupt The Republic To prevent any one person from gaining too much power, new magistrates were elected annually and had to share power with another Normally the highest authority was held by two consuls, but in emergencies a temporary dictator might be appointed The structure of the administration was changed multiple times due to internal changes The Empire In the early years of the empire, the government remained a “republic” Augustus was the first true emperor, ruling after he dismantled the final triumvirate The first five emperors of the New Rome were considered the Julio-Claudian Emperors as they were “descendants” of Julius Caesar; they ruled 27 B.C.-68 A.D. The Empire Over time the emperor became more and more autocratic and the Senate truly lost power Territory was divided into multiple provinces Towns were divided into colonies composed of former soldiers or members of the Roman underclass After the Julio-Claudian line of emperors, many other lines followed before the East-West split Pax Romana 27 B.C.-180 A.D. was a period of relative peace for the Roman Empire The Crisis of the Third Century occurred 235-284 and almost caused the complete collapse of the empire Diocletian gained complete power in 285 and divided the empire into East and West Government Roman Empire in 250 B.C After wars with allies, the Etruscans, the Samnites a