世纪现代主义和后现代主义文学.pptxVIP

“整个社会不过是一具腐烂的尸体”——波德莱尔;20世纪上半期西方世界重大事件;独裁专政;The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to keep East Germans from fleeing their Communist state. For 28 years the wall symbolized tensions between the Soviet bloc and the West until it was torn down in 1989. This photo shows soldiers standing guard over bricklayers building the wall, top left, Germans wielding tools to dismantle the wall in 1989, top right, children playing among the ruins, bottom left, and a graffiti-covered gun tower standing in the rubble, bottom right.;核武器;现代工业;;多元、分裂、平面、破碎、孤独;非理性主义或反理性主义 反对传统的理性中心主义、历史理性主义，反对以理性主义代替一切。 叔本华的唯意志哲学 尼采的权力意志哲学 柏格森的生命哲学 弗洛伊德的精神分析理论 萨特的存在主义哲学 ;因危机感、幻灭感而悲观厌世 因人之异化而致文学上的荒诞变形 因个体意识、自我意识空前增加而使文学更具独创性。 因对心理知识的空前觉悟而使文学向内转、重主观、反理性、意识流一类特点。 ;尼采与现代派文学; 弗洛伊德与现代派文学 心理的三个层次 意识 前意识 无意识 人格的三重结构 超我 自我 本我 “性”——一种原始的本能的感性的(而非精神的理性的认知的)力量，人的生命原动力 ;;“他清醒了，已变成了另外一个人，就像在幽邃的母腹中度过了妊娠期的新生婴儿。一切都生气勃勃，光耀夺目，像早晨一样清新。一切都重新开始了，就像破晓时分，狂喜和朝气充满了人间。她跟他一起静静地坐着，似乎有同样的感受。” —《虹》 Lawrence, David Herbert (1885-1930), English novelist and poet, ranked among the most influential and controversial literary figures of the 20th century. In his more than 40 books he celebrated his vision of the natural, whole human being, opposing the artificiality of modern industrial society with its dehumanization of life and love. The most significant of his early fiction, Sons and Lovers (1913), which was in large part autobiographical, deals with life in a mining town. The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1921)—perhaps his best novels—explore with outspoken candor the sexual and psychological relationships of men and women. His most notorious novel, Lady Chatterleys Lover (1928), deals with the sexually fulfilling love affair between a member of the nobility and her husbands gamekeeper. His novels however, were misunderstood and attacked and even suppressed because of their frank treatment of sexual matters.;In this