有机化学教学课件:chpt19.pdf

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第十九章碳水化合物 第十九章碳水化合物 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates O O r r g g a a Carbohydrates n n i i c c C C h h Carbohydrates are everywhere in nature. e e m m i i They occur in every living organism and s s t t r r y y are essential to life. The word carbohydrate derives historically from the fact that glucose, has X X i i a a the molecular formula C6H12O6 and was m m e e originally thought to be a “hydrate of n n U U carbon”, C (H O) . 6 2 6 n n i i v v e e r r s s i i t t y y O O r r g g a a n n Today, the term carbohydrate is used to i i c c C C refer loosely to the broad class of h h e e m m polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones i i s s t t r commonly call sugars. r y y CHO H OH X X i i a a HO H m m e e n n H OH U U Glucose, n n i i H OH v v a pentahydroxylhexose e e r r s s i CH OH i t t 2 y y O O r r g g Carbohydrates are synthesized by green plants a a n n i i during photosynthesis. c c C C More than 50% of the dry weight of the earth’s h h e e m m biomass consists of glucose polymers. i i s s t t Carbohydrates acts as the chemical r r y y intermediaries by which solar energy is stored and used to support life.

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