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外文翻译
原文
Port-centric logistics
Material Source: Author: John Mangan and Chandra Lalwani 1. Ports and supply chains
Ports and maritime transport have existed for some thousands of years and have
developed in line with the evolution of International trade which has been inherent in shaping the modern world. Some 6 billion tones of freight moves by maritime transport each year and is estimated to comprise 45 percent liquid bulks,23 percent dry bulks and 32percent general cargo. Total freight movements vary according to
region, commodity and freight origin/destination. According to the World
Bank(2001), there are more than 2,000 ports around the world, from single berth
locations handling a few hundred tones a year to some of the world orts ’ s largest p
such as Shanghai, Singapore and Rotterdam, which individually handle multiples of this (in the case of Shanghai, for example, the 2005 estimate is 443 million metric
tones American Association of Port Authorities, 2005).
Ports and maritime transport thus play an important
role today in
global
commerce. It is important to first define exactly what is meant by the term
“
According to Stopford (1997), a port is
“ a geographical area where ships are brought
alongside land to load and discharge cargo –usually a sheltered deep water area
such as a bay of river mouth
” . Often ports comprise multiple terminals, a terminal
being “ a section of the port consisting of one or more berths devoted to a particular
type of cargo handling ”Ports. handle
various diff erent
categories of
freight.
Maritime
freight is typically
classified
as: liquid
bulk
(the most significant
sub-category here is oil), dry bulk(such as coal and some agricultural products),
unitised
freight (which comprises both lift-on/lift-off
containers, i.e. Lo-Lo and
roll-on/roll-off units, i.e. Ro-Ro), and other general freight. Some ports handle all categories of freight, while others focus on particular categories; different types of
handling equipment at p
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