CRS-新冠疫情与美国经济（英文）-2021.5正文版.pdf

COVID-19 and the U.S. Economy Updated May 11, 2021 Congressional Research Service R46606 SUMMARY R46606 COVID-19 and the U.S. Economy May 11, 2021 On June 8, 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) announced that the United States entered into a recession in March 2020, a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- Lida R. Weinstock 19) pandemic.To prevent the spread of COVID-19, lockdown orders were issued in many parts Analyst in Macroeconomic of the country and travel restrictions were put in place. These measures, along with general fears Policy of the coronavirus, caused swift and large aggregate demand and supply s hocks that resulted in the deepest economic downturn the United States has seen since the Great Depression. In the post-World War II era, the peak unemployment rate of 14.7% in April 2020 was the highest recorded monthly rate, and the second quarter annualized decline in gross domestic product (GDP) of 31.4%, driven by decreases in personal consumption expenditures and gross private fixed investment, was the highest recorded single quarterly decline in real GDP. The pandemic caused relatively low inflation in the aggregate, and prices for certain goods, such as gasoline, decreased by double-digits. Although the economy has improved since the second quarter of 2020, including the highest single quarterly increase in GDP (33.1% annualized) in the