高考英语非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能.docVIP

高考英语非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能 名称 形式 特点 功能 不定式 To do 具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的一些特征 在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，有形式变化 动名词 Doing（v+ing） 具有名词、形容词、动词的一些特征 在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语，有形式变化 分 词 Doing（v+ing） Done（v+ed 具有形容词、副词的一些特征 在句中可做表语、定语、状语、补足语，现在分词有形式变化 不定式 I．不定式的时态及语态 一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或 进行式 to be doing 表示谓语的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生 II. 不定式的否定结构:not to do//for sb not to do III.不定式的句法功能 1.主语 To see is to believe. It is not easy to learn a language well.(不定式作主语时往往用it做形式主语) 动词不定式做主语的常用句型 It is +adj/n +to do sth It is +adj +of/for sb to do sth It takes sb sometime to do Kind, clever, wise, nice 形容词既表示人物特征， Foolish, stupid, honest, 又表示说话人对不定式 Right, correct, wrong, +of sb 动作的评价；形容词与 Rude, cruel, careless, 介词宾语成主谓关系 Lazy, selfish, horrible 如：It‘s kind of you to help me。=You are kind to help me。 Easy, hard, difficult Possible, necessary, 形容词说明不定式行为的 Important, essential, +for sb 性质,与介词宾语不具有 Interesting, unusual,……….. 主谓关系 Interesting, natural 如: It’s easy for me to learn English.=To learn English is easy for me. 2..表语 My job is to attend the children. (不定式作表语时,如在它前出现了do, did, does时,不定式符号to 可省掉,例: what you have to do this afternoon is (to) look after the sick child.) 3.定语 I have a lot of work to do. //She has no place to go. 4.宾语 I hope to go to Dalian again. I find it interesting to play the violin.(不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到后面) 5.宾补 The teacher told us to clean the windows. I noticed the boy go into the shop. 注: feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, make, let ,have等使役动词后宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略,但这些句子变为被动语态时,就必须带to 符号. 例: I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song. 6.状语 表示目的: I got up early to(in order to/ so as to) catch the early bus. To/In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.(so as