高考英语二轮专题语法总复习-虚拟语气.docVIP

高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用 【观察】 If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。 If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会迟到。 If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。 If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。 I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我会帮助你的。 If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。 【归纳】 其中1、2是对现在的虚拟，3、4句是对过去的虚拟，5、6句是对将来的虚拟。 If条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示与现在事实相反 动词的过去式（过去时） Could/ should/ would/ might + 动词原形 表示与过去事实相反 Had + 动词的过去分词 （过去完成式） Could/ should/ would/ might + have + 动词的过去分词 表示与将来事实相反 动词过去式 should/ were to+ 动词原形 Could/ should/ would/ might + 动词原形 注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。 【实践】 1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。 If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 翻译：如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。 If I should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, I would invite him to my house. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时，可以转换成下列形式： （1）省略if, 用 “were, had, should + 主语”。如： Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。 Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。 Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议，我会来。 （2）含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句，而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来，这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有：but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如： Without your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded. (= If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have succeeded.) 没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。 But for your advice, I would have failed.(=If you hadn’t given me advice, I would have failed.) 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。 【实践】 1. the president, I allow the poor students to enter the university for free. A. Were I; will B. Am I; will C. Were I; would D. Am I; would 2.Without your help, we _________ so much. A. will not achi