L1-基本认识与数制.pdf

计算机学院专业必修课 计算机组成 基本认识、数制 提纲  CS61C 1 内容主要取材于 第 讲  /~cs61c/su12  计算机基本认识  数制概念  Number Bases  Signed vs. Unsigned  Sign Extension 北京航空航天大学计算机学院 Mainframe Era: 1950s - 1960s Processor (CPU) I/O I/O Enabling Tech: Computers Big Players: “Big Iron” (IBM, UNIVAC) Cost: $1M, Target: Businesses Using: COBOL, Fortran, timesharing(分时) OS 6/18/2012 Summer 2012 -- Lecture #1 4 Minicomputer Era: 1970s Enabling Tech: Integrated circuits(集成电路) Big Players: Digital, HP Cost: $10k, Target: Labs universities Using: C, UNIX OS 6/18/2012 Summer 2012 -- Lecture #1 5 PC Era: Mid 1980s - Mid 2000s Enabling Tech: Microprocessors Big Players: Apple, IBM Cost: $1k, Target: Consumers (1/person) Using: Basic, Java, Windows OS 6/18/2012 Summer 2012 -- Lecture #1 6 Post-PC Era: Late 2000s - ??? Personal Mobile Devices (PMD): Enabling Tech: Wireless networking, smartphones Big Players: Apple, Nokia, … Cost: $500, Target: Consumers on the go Using: Objective C, Android OS 6/18/2012 Summer 2012 -- Lecture #1 7 Post-PC Era: Late 2000s - ??? Cloud Computing: Enabling Tech: Local Area Networks, broadband Internet Big Players: Amazon, Google, … Target: Transient users or users who cannot afford high- end equipment 6/18/2012 Summer 2012 -- Lecture #1 8 Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) instruction set inside the iPhone ARM核