碳定价的贫困和分配影 响：渠道和政策含义.docx

The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications by Baoping Shang IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. ? 2021 Internationa l Moneta ry Fund WP/21/172 IMF Working Paper Strategy, Policy and Review Department The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications 1 Prepared by Baoping Shang 2 IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by t IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. Abstract Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households. JEL Classification Numbers: H23; I38; Q41; Q58 Keywords: carbon pricing; poverty; inequality; redistributive effects Author’s E-Mail Address: BShang@ 1 Carbon pricing typically refers to market instruments that put a price on carbon emissions, such as a carbon tax or an emissions trading system. According to the UNFCCC, carbon pricing curbs greenhouse gas emissions by placin