河岸缓冲区对化肥的拦截作用.docxVIP

河岸缓冲区对化肥的拦截作用 河岸缓冲区对化肥的拦截作用 摘 要：测定了4个河岸缓冲区立地类型（30 °草坡、18 °草坡、乔灌草植被带、灌草植被带）对研究区常用化肥尿素、硫酸钾、复合肥中NO2-、NO3-、NH4+、PO43- 4种离子的拦截率。结果表明：18°草坡对不同化肥溶液中各离子的拦截作用均强于30°草坡；乔灌草搭配对各化肥溶液中NO3-、NO2-、PO43-、NH4+离子的拦截率在1 ，2 ，3 m处均大于灌草搭配。建议河岸缓冲区设计时，结合其它实际条件，坡度设计越缓越能起到进化水质的作用；在河岸植被构建时，优先考虑乔灌草植被带搭配。 　　关键词：河岸缓冲区；拦截率；水质；化肥 　　中图分类号：TQ440 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2021.02.043 　　 　　Riparian Buffer Zone on the Interception Effect of Fertilizer 　　WANG Yi-qin 　　(Shanxi Forestry Technical School,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030009,China) 　　Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: In this paper, through the determination of the four site types of riparian buffer zones, 30 degrees, 18 degrees and grass slope, trees, shrubs, herbs vegetation belt, shrub-grass vegetation in the study area with common urea, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, NO2-、NO3-、NH4+、PO43- four ion interception rate. The results showed that 18 degree grass slope on different fertilizer solutions of various ions in the interceptor role were strong in the 30 degreegrass slope; trees, shrubs, herbs match on the fertilizer solution NO2-、NO3-、NH4+、PO43- ion interception rate in 1, 2, 3 m were greater than shrubs, herbs match, trees, shrubs, herbs match on 4 kinds of ion blocking effect was stronger in shrub and grass mix.Recommendations for riparian buffer design, in combination with other conditions, the slope design of slower and more can play a role in the evolution of water quality; riparian vegetation construction, give priority to with trees,shrubs,herbs vegetation zones. 　　Key words: riparian buffers；interception rate；water quality ;fertilizer 　　 　　我国年化肥施用量折纯达4 300多万t，占世界总用量的1/3，成为世界化肥生产和消费第一大国[1]。化肥的过量、不均衡使用不仅降低了农产品质量[2]，还给环境带来严重污染[3]，比如水源污染造成水质下降，使用化肥过量或不当造成水体富营养化和赤潮等[4]。许多研究和实践表明，河岸缓冲区在防治农业非点源污染、保护和改善河流生境方面有着极其重要的作用[5]。农业流域河岸缓冲区的功能之一就是净化、过滤地表和地下径流中各种农业污染物，其中NO3-和NH4+对人类和水生生物有毒性，是缓冲区要去除的主要目标污染物。在农牧地区，河岸植被通过对N,P等元素的过滤、吸收、硝化、反硝化等，降低这些物质在河水中的含量，改变其状态，进而提高河水水质质量[6]。Low Rance等[7]发现，经过河岸带植被的过滤和被林地滞留的N量是输出到河流中的6倍，河岸带植被的过滤功能可以显著减少P的含量。 　　沁河是黄河中游三门峡以下左岸的一条