大学英语语法.pdf

分词 1、 分词作定语 分词前置 we can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人 分词后置 （i 分词词组； ii 个别分词如 given ， left ； iii 修饰不定代词 something 等） there was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里 this is the question given. 这是所给 的问题 there is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西 过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系， 相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa. 典型例题 1） the first textbook ___ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. a. have written b. to be written c. being written d. written 答案 d. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written 2 ）what ‘s the language ____ in germany？ a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak 答案 b. 主语 language 与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken 是动词 speak 的过去分词形式， 在句中作定语，修饰主语 language， spoken 与 language 有被动关系。该句可以理解为： what ‘s the language（which is ） spoken in german ？ 2、 分词作状语 as i didn ‘receivet any letter from him ， i gave him a call. - not receiving any letter from him ， i gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 if more attention was given ， the trees could have grown better. - given more attention ，the trees could have grown better. 假如多给些照顾， 那些树会长得更好。 典型例题 1）_____ some officials ， napoleon inspected his army. a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed 答案 b. napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。 being followed 除表达被动之外， 还有动作正在 进行之意。 followed by （被 …跟随）。本题可改为： with some officials following ， napoleon inspected his army. 2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light. a. followed b. following c. to be followed