知假买假行为适用惩罚性赔偿问题研究.pdf

摘 要 社会各界对于知假买假的职业打假者这一新兴职业人群看法不一，但我们有必要以恰 当视角看待这一新兴的群体，给予正确的评价，分析知假买假行为存在的深层次原因， 并通过立法完善规避滥用惩罚性赔偿制度的现象，从而使得知假买假行为得到有效遏 制。笔者首先通过对 “消费者”法律构成要件存在争议、我国设置的赔偿金标准过于 机械、“欺诈”的主观构成要件存在争议等方面对知假买假从惩罚性赔偿制度的漏洞 产生进行分析；然后就惩罚性赔偿制度运用情况进行社会调查，通过真实的调查研究 数据结果发现惩罚性赔偿制度普及率和运用率极低、程序制度固有缺陷阻止消费者维 权、惩罚性赔偿金最低赔偿标准低、公民权利意识较低等问题；其次笔者提出知假买 假不排除惩罚性赔偿制度的适用，但要限制其适用的结论；接着提出界定“消费者”、 “欺诈”的法律构成要件、完善惩罚性赔偿金的赔偿标准等具体的关于规制知假买假 行为的参考意见；最后阐述出职业打假人是现代社会发展、法制不健全等多种因素所 产生新兴群体的结论，职业打假终将会被成为阶段性的社会现象，时势造英雄的他们 终将被历史所遗忘。 关键词：知假买假；惩罚性赔偿制度；职业打假；消费者；欺诈 Abstract There are different opinions among people from all walks of life on this emerging professional population who knows fake and bought fake professional frauders, but we need to look at this emerging group from an appropriate perspective and give correct assessments to analyze the underlying causes of fraud. , And through legislation to improve the circumvention of the phenomenon of abuse of punitivedamages, so that the fraudulent buying fraud behavior is effectively curbed. The author first analyzes the loopholes in the punitive damages system by knowing that consumer legal constitutional elements are controversial, the compensation standard set by China is too mechanical, and the subjective elements of fraud are controversial; Then a social investigation was conducted on the application of the punitive damages system. The investigation found that the punitive damages system’s penetration rate and utilization rate were extremely low, the inherent defects of the procedural system prevented consumers from defending their rights, the minimum compensation standard for punitive damages was low, and the awareness of civil rights was low. Such as the issue; Second, the author proposed that the purchase of false bogus behavior does not rule out the application of fraudulent buying fake behavior, but to limit the application of fraudulent buying fraud; then proposed to define the consumer of the legal constituent elements, improv