网络基础培训课程资料.pptx

网络基础培训课程资料(二)2006年4月计算机系统事业部客服技术支持部第2章 TCP/IP 协议概述 TCP/IP基础知识 IP地址基础知识 优化IP地址的分配第一节：TCP/IP基础知识TCP/IP简介TCP/IP 协议栈名字解析数据的路由TCP/IP简介通信过程TCP/IP 的分层定义应用程序Post OfficePost OfficePost OfficePost OfficeNameNameNameAddressAddressAddress通信过程NameAddress应用层Application LayerHTTPFTP传输层Transport LayerTCPUDPInternet 层Internet LayerIPICMPIGMPARPNetwork Interface Layer网络接口层ATMEthernetTCP/IP 的分层OSITCP/IPApplicationPresentationApplicationSessionTransportTransportTCPNetworkInternetIPData LinkNetworkInterfacePhysical OSI 模型与TCP/IP 模型的比较定义应用程序IP Address + TCP Port or UDP Port= SocketTCP Port 20, 21HTTPFTPFTP ServerTCPUDPTCP Port 8050HTTP ServerTCP/IP 协议栈Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Internet Protocol (IP)Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)TCP/IP UtilitiesTCPUDPIPICMPIGMPARP传输控制协议 (TCP) TCPUDP IPICMPIGMPARP 用户数据报协议 (UDP)RouterTCPUDPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet 协议 (IP)RouterTCPUDPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet 控制消息协议 (ICMP)TCPUDPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet 组管理协议 (IGMP)1 5ARPCacheARPCache2B3 6ATCPUDP 4C1. ARP cache is checked2. ARP request is sent3. ARP entry is added4. ARP reply is sent5. ARP entry is added6. IP packet is sentIPICMPIGMPARP地址解析协议 (ARP)ArpHostnameIpconfigNbstatNetstatPingTracertTCP/IP 工具FtpConnectivity UtilitiesDiagnostic UtilitiesTelnetTftpTCP/IP Printing ServiceServer-basedSoftwareInternet InformationServices数据的路由IP 路由跨路由器的数据传输Portion of Routing Table Router IP 路由跨路由器的数据传输Verify packetVerify IP addressSend the packet up to the next layerIs destination local? Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add the router’s MAC addressAlways add the destination’s IP addressIs destination local? Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add the Router’s MAC addressAlways add the destination’s IP addressVerify packetDecrease TTLIs destination local? Yes, add the destination MAC address No, add another Router’s MAC addressVerify p