英文法律文书简明教程.docxVIP

英文法律文书简明教程 一、缩写?Abbreviations 规则1、 在正式写作中，应当避免使用缩写，除非有下述规则2、规则3和规则4的情形。 In?formal?writing,?one?should?not?use?abbreviations,?except?as?indicated?in?rules?2,?3,?and?4?below. 例如： Incorrect:?The?U.S.?Supreme?Court?held?that?the?defendant\’s?rights?had?been?violated. Correct:?The?United?States?Supreme?Court?held?that?the?defendant\’s?rights?had?been?violated. Incorrect:?Professor?Jonas?mentioned?several?cities?that?have?domestic-partnership?ordinances,?e.g.,?New?York?and?San?Francisco. Correct:?Professor?Jonas?mentioned?several?cities?that?have?domestic-partnership?ordinances,?including?New?York?and?San?Francisco. Incorrect:?The?Court?announced?its?decision?in?the?case?on?Oct.?12,?1994. Correct:?The?Court?announced?its?decision?in?the?case?on?October?12,?1994. 规则2、 如果一个缩写的应用已经非常普遍，在一般用法中已经取代了全称，则可以使用缩写；但使用此缩写时不应该使用表示缩写的英文句号（.）。 When?an?abbreviation?has?become?so?common?that?it?has?supplanted?the?full?name?in?common?usage,?one?may?use?the?abbreviation;?however,?one?should?do?so?without?the?use?of?periods. 例如： Incorrect:?The?N.A.A.C.P.?was?the?subject?of?a?profile?on?C.B.S.?last?week. Correct:?The?NAACP?was?the?subject?of?a?profile?on?CBS?last?week. （注：?NAACP?abbr.National?Association?for?the?Advancement?of?Colored?People?(美国)全国有色人种协进会，CBS?abbr.?（美国）哥伦比亚广播公司(Columbia?Broadcasting?System)） However:?The?defendant?in?the?case?is?R.J.?Reynolds?Industries,?Inc. 请注意，在上面的例子中，字母R和J后面的句号（.）应当保留，因为这个缩写所代表的含义并非广为人知。一般来说，这样的缩写应当使用全称；但是在上面的例子中不能用全称，因为缩写R.J.是公司注册名称中使用的。 Notice?that?in?the?preceding?example,?the?points?after?\R\?and?\J\?should?be?left?in,?because?the?meaning?of?the?abbreviation?is?not?sufficiently?well?known?to?most?readers.?Ordinarily,?one?would?replace?such?an?abbreviation?with?the?full?terms;?however,?one?can?not?do?so?in?this?case?because?the?legal?corporate?name?involved?includes?the?abbreviation. 规则3、 当使用legal?citation时，一定要按照Bluebook（见译注）的要求来缩写。但在行文中提及法院时，不应用缩写。 When?wr