高中英语定语从句知识点整理.pdf

定语从句 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系 副词有 when, where, why 等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A 、引导定语从句； B 、代替先行词； C 、在定语从句中担 当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the man， “who是引导定语从句的关系词，” 代替先行词 the man ，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，当宾语可以省略。 ① The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 ② Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨 7 点到大门口集合。 ③ Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 ④ That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。 ① Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 ② Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 ③ The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 ④ The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 ① Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 ② The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿 很远。 ③ He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 ④ The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 ⑤ This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 ⑥ The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4 ．That 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom ；指物时，相当于 which. 。在定语从句中作主语或宾 语，作宾语时可省略。 ① The number of people that / who come to vis