高中英语被动语态专项练习.pdf

被动语态 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变 化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done/ was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done 一般将来时 例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例 The project will have been completed before July. 10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 例 He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋ be＋过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语， 在用于被动结构时， 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另 一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当 “动词 +宾语 + 宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不 动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4 ）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定 式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式