英语句子成分分析.ppt

二）主语： 主语 (Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事. 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. （三）表语 表语(Predicative) 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： （五）宾语补足语 宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系.宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell sb to do，let sb do，help sb (to) do，teach sb to do， ask sb to do，see sb do/doing，have sb do，order sb to do，make sb do等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： 句子成分 定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 ㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. （名词） （代词） （数词） （不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子） （主语从句） （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） There are three apples on the table. 找出句中主语 The sun rises in the east.?????????? Twenty years is a short time in history. ?????? The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing.????? To see is to believe. ???????? He likes dancing.???? What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （名词） ????? （代词） （数词） （动名词）?? （不定式） （句子） (名词化的形容词） （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） ㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down w