中考英语专项8.定语从句讲解及习题.pdf

定语从句讲解 一、 定义： 在复合句中，修饰某一 名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。 如： 1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do . 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句 所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有 关系 代词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有格 whose)和关系副词 where, when、why 。关 系词常有三个作用： 1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一 个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。 This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday. 2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或 者代替前句 The film which we saw last night was moving. 3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。 The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster. The man who you just talked to is Tom. 4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。 That is the professor whom you want to know. 5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词 + ’s, 后接一名词。 I know the boy whose parents are dead. I don ’t like those cities whose roads are dirty. ※注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 三、关系副词 关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词 + which ，其中 which 指代先行 词不可以指示整个句子。 1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于 at/ on/ in/ during which. I ’ll never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain. 2、where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于 at/ in / to/ which. This is the school where( at which ) I studied. 3 、 why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于 for which . That ’s the real reason why (for which ) he was late. 四、关系代词的特殊用法 （一）、关系代词指物时 , 用 that 而不用 which 的情况 : 1 . 先行词为 something ,anything ,nothing ,everything 以及 all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。 Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt 2 . 先行词有 the last , the very , the only以及 all , much , few , no , any ,little 等 修饰时。 e.g.