定语从句归纳.pdf

一．什么叫定语从句？ 一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。 二．定语从句的结构及种类 1. 结构：关系词 +主语 +谓语 +其它 2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 三．关系词的分类及关系词 1. 关系代词： who，whom, whose, that ,which, as 2. 关系副词： when，where ，why 四．关系词的功用 1. 起连接作用，引导定语从句 2. 在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。 五．什么是先行词？ 被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。 六．关系词的用法 1. who 当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选 who。 The boy who is standing over there is Tom. He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2. whom 当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选 whom. This is our English teacher whom everybody likes. 3. whose ① 当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选 whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. ② 当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选 whose. We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south. 4. that ① 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选 that. This is a machine that can walk. ② 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选 that. 另外， that 可以省 略。 I like the present (that) my father sent me. ③ 当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用 that=who The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother. 5. which 当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用 which ，它在句中作主语或宾语， which=that 6. 下列情况下，关系词只能选用 that ① 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时 Is there anything that I can do for you? ② 当先行词为不定代词 all 时 Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. ③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时 These are all the things that I have done today. ④ 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时 This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. ⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时 This is the cleaning room that you can see here. ⑥ time 作先行词，前面