二语习得理论.ppt

Theoretical Approaches toSecond Language Learning Differences in Learning L1 L2 Behaviorism Innatism Information Processing Connectionism The Interactionist Position Differences in Learning L1 L2 A child or adult learning a second language is different from a child acquiring a first language in terms of both 1) learner characteristics and 2) learning conditions Differences in Learning L1 L2 Learner Characteristics 1. Knowledge of another language 2. Cognitive maturity 3. Metalinguistic awareness 4. Knowledge of the world 5. Nervousness about speaking L1 L2 child child adolescent (formal) adult - ? + + - ? + + - ? + + - ? + + - - + + Differences in Learning L1 L2 Learning Conditions 6. Freedom to be silent 7. Ample time contact 8. Corrective feedback: (form) grammar and pronunciation 9. Corrective feedback: (meaning) word choice 10. Modified input L1 L2 child child adolescent (formal) adult + + - - + + - ? - - + - + + + + + + + + Differences in Learning L1 L2 Summary: SLA (Second Language Acquisition) theories need to account for language acquisition by learners with a variety of characteristics and learning in a variety of contexts. Theoretical Approaches to Language Acquisition Behaviorism Innatism Interactionism Important Characteristics: -     Imitation -     Practice      -     Reinforcement -     Habit-formation   Application to SLA: -    CAH (contrastive analysis hypothesis)   Focus on the linguistic aspects of: -         Vocabulary -         grammatical morphemes -         pronunciation   Important Characteristics: -    LAD (language acquisition device) -    UG (universal grammar) -    CPH (critical period hypothesis)   Application to SLA: -    Krashen’s monitor model 1)      acquisition – learning hypothesis 2)      monitor hypothesis 3)      natural order hypothesis 4)      input hypothesis ( i +1 ) 5)      affective filter hypothesis -         Information processing 1)      attention-processing (n