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0313雅思泛读素材：Whom should self-driving cars protect in an accident.docx

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第 PAGE 1 页共 NUMPAGES 3 页 Whom should self-driving cars protect in an accident? Women and children first. Dogs before criminals Oct 27th 2018 THE TROLLEY problem used to be an obscure question in philosophical ethics. It runs as follows: a trolley, or a train, is speeding down a track towards a junction. Some moustache-twirling evildoer has tied five people to the track ahead, and another person to the branch line. You are standing next to a lever that controls the junction. Do nothing, and the five people will be killed. Pull the lever, and only one person dies. What is the ethical course of action? The excitement around self-driving cars, though, has made the problem famous. A truly self-driving car, after all, will have to be given ethical instructions of some sort by its human programmers. That has led to a miniature boom for the world’s small band of professional ethicists, who suddenly find themselves in hot demand. In a paper just published in Nature, a team of psychologists and computer scientists describe a different approach. Rather than asking said small band of philosophers for their thoughts, this team, led by Edmond Awad of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), decided instead to ask the general public. They created the “Moral Machine”, a website which presents visitors with a series of choices about whom to save and whom to kill. In one, for instance, a self-driving car experiences brake failure ahead of a pedestrian crossing. If it carries on in a straight line, a man, a woman and two homeless people of unspecified sex will be run down. If it swerves, the death count will be the same, but the victims will be two women and two male business executives. What should the car do? The team hoped to gather results from as many people as possible, from all over the world. The website proved a hit. It made the front page of Reddit, a big online discussion forum, and was promoted by YouTube stars such as Felix Kjellberg, better known as PewDi