0327雅思泛读素材：Does air pollution really kill nearly 9 million people each year.docxVIP

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0327雅思泛读素材：Does air pollution really kill nearly 9 million people each year.docx

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第 PAGE 1 页共 NUMPAGES 3 页 Does air pollution really kill nearly 9 million people each year? Does air pollution really kill nearly 800,000 people in Europe and 9 million worldwide every year? That’s the apparent conclusion of a study claiming that air pollution causes 800,000 “extra” deaths in Europe each year, which is double previous estimates. However, the figures don’t mean that 9 million people dropped dead solely because of air pollution. Rather, they are a way of representing the harm done by air pollution. The study suggests air pollution is a bigger killer than smoking, which using the same method is estimated to cause 7 million extra deaths worldwide each year. “I think that’s the important message of this study,” says lead author Jos Lelieveld of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany. Air pollution has now joined the ranks of major risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes1 and obesity2, he says. Adding up the damage It is important to understand where these numbers come from. Working out the damage done by air pollution is much harder than something like car accidents, for which we have firm figures, because it typically aggravates the effects of common disorders3 such as respiratory4 diseases. Many teams around the world have been doing long-running studies that compare, say, people living in areas with different levels of particulate5 pollution in the air to work out how it affects the risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The latest results suggest that air pollution is a far greater contributor to cardiovascular disease than previously thought. But telling people their “hazard ratios” for air pollution – the standard scientific measure – would mean nothing to them. Instead, it is standard practice to translate risks into more meaningful measures. Lelieveld’s team combined the latest risk estimates with data on people’s exposure to air pollution in Europe to work out the number of extra early dea