学术英语写作讲义.docVIP

- .. - -可修编. Lecture 1 1.1Features on the lexical level〔词汇层面〕 (1) The analysis didn’t yield any new results. (Informal) The analysis yielded no results. (Formal) (2) These semiconductors can be used in robots, CD players, etc. (Informal) These semiconductors can be used in robots, and CD players. (Formal) 1.1.2Nominalization〔名词化〕 (1)[Everyday English] If a potential is applied to gas at low pressure, ionization of the molecules will result. [Academic English] The application of a potential to gas at low pressure will result in ionization of the molecules. (2)[Everyday English] The progress of the work will depend on how modern the equipment is. [Academic English] The progress of the work will depend on the modernization ofthe equipment. 1.1.3Hedging〔模糊语〕 (1)On the evidence of the findings presented in Figure 1, it would appear that students in Hong Kong generally have little need to speak in English outside the classroom. (2) Weismann suggested that animals bee old because, if they did not, there could be no successive replacement of individuals and hence no evolution. 1.1.4Use of single verbs〔使用单一动词〕 (1)The material amenities of life have gone up in Western society.( increased ) (2)A primary education system was set up throughout Ireland as early as 1831.(establish) 其他如look into〔investigate〕;get rid of〔eliminate〕 1.2.1 (1) Any container can be filled by these as they diffuse and spread out to fill them. The atoms or molecules of gases move very rapidly and are widely spaced.. (2) Using a simplified input-output (I-O) framework, the aggregate economic output of the non-energy sector (Yt) can be formulated as the sum of value-added in the non-energy sector (Vane,t) and inter-industry payments for energy and transport services. 1.2.2客观语言 〔1〕I chose this method because it is less plex. (personal) This method is chosen because it is less plex. 〔2〕The conclusions are app