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Table of Contents
Practice 1 1
Practice 2 2
Practice 3 3
Practice 4 4
Practice 5 5
Practice 6 6
Practice 7 7
Practice 8 8
Practice 9 9
Practice 10 10
Practice 11 11
Practice 12 12
Practice 13 13
Practice 14 14
Practice 15 15
Practice 16 16
Practice 17 17
Practice 18 18
Practice 19 19
Practice 20 20
Practice 21 21
Practice 22 22
Practice 23 23
Practice 24 24
Practice 25 25
Practice 26 26
Practice 27 27
Practice 28 28
Practice 29 29
Practice 30 30
Answer Keys 31
Practice 1
Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of
research. 1 the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review. During
this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2 the paper, judging whether or not the research has been
carried 3 in a fully scientific manner. If the referees are satisfied, publication 4 . If they
have 5 , some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6 serious flaws, the entire
paper may be rejected for publication.
The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7 high standards of scientific
method. 8 , it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9 views to become involved. Because
scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10 personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.
Furthermore, because referees 11 to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or
unorthodox ideas.
Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12 body of scientific
knowledge. In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today
sc
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