语言学补充练习(1-3).docx

语言学入门学问 :第一章I 、 名词说明1.cultural transmission (as a defining property of language)Answer: Whilehuman capacity forlanguage has a genetic basis, thedetails of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but insteadhave to be taught and learned 、AnEnglishspeaker and a Chinesespeaker are bothable to use a language, but they are notmutuallyintelligible 、 This shows that language is culturallytransmitted、 语言学入门学问 : 第一章 I 、 名词说明 1.cultural transmission (as a defining property of language) Answer: While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned 、 An English speaker and a Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutually intelligible 、 This shows that language is culturally transmitted、 It is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct 、 In contrast, animal call systems are genetically transmitted、 They are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species、 2. descriptive linguistics vs、 prescriptive linguistics Answer: A linguistic study is descriptive if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for correct behavior 、 Linguistic studies before the 204 century are largely prescriptive whereas modem linguistic is mostly descriptive、 II 、 判定正误 (T for True and F for False) 1、 When language is used to get information, it serves an informative function、 Answer: F (It serves an interrogative function)、 2. Most animal munication systems lack the primary level of articulation、Answer: F (The primary units in these systems cannot be further dividedinto elements、 So what they lack is the secondary level of articulation、)3. Descriptive linguistics are 2. Most animal munication systems lack the primary level of articulation、 Answer: F (The primary units in these systems cannot be further divided into element