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倒装句 :分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 (参照语法结构表 50 页 )
把谓语全部移到主语之前为全部倒装;只把助动词或情态动词
放在主语之前为部分倒装,倒装主要是为了强调某一句子成分。
1.全部倒装的情况:地点副词 +谓语动词 +名词主语
There be 句型。
以 here, there, in, out, up, down, away, now ,then 等词开头的句子,而且主语是名词时:
Here comes the teacher./ Here he comes. Here you are./
In came the boss. / There he goes.
Out rushed the boys.
Then came another problem.
On the wall hangs a picture of mine.
Under the desk are my shoes.
There are some books on the shelf.
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
部分倒装 :
【需要倒装的特殊的词 +助动词 /情态动词 +主语 +谓语动词】
1.Only 所修饰的短语或状语从句放在句首时,
Only then did I know the fact.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when he called me did I realize he had come in.
2.含有否定意义的词,如 hardly, never, no, not only, little 等放在句首时,
Never shall we forget the past.
Hardly had he entered the room when the bell rang.
Not a single mistake did she make in the exam.
Little does she care about herself.
Not only is she kind to us, but she is also very helpful.
3.把 neither, nor 或 so 放在句首,表示前面否定的或肯定的
内容也适用于后者。
【neither/nor/ so+ 助动词(助动词由前面的句子决定其时态) +主语】
We cannot go.
Neither/ Nor can they. 也不
I don’t study French, neither does she.也不
She is a nurse, so am I. 也是
4. So + 形容词 / 副词 +助动词 +主语 +that , , “如此, 以致 , ”
So good was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
5.形容词 / 副词 + as +主语 +谓语动词,表示“尽管 , ”
Young as he is, he has been to many countries.
Hot as it is, people still enjoy the sun.
6.虚拟条件句省略
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