跨文化商务沟通DiverseCulturalPatterns.pptx

Diverse Cultural Patterns Hofstede ’s Five Values Dimension （Hofstede的5种价值维度）Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value OrientationHall’s Context OrientationGeert HofstedeHofstede ’s Five Values Dimension（Hofstede的5种价值维度） Hofstede identified five dimensions of culture that help to explain how and why people from different cultures behave as they do.Hofstede’s Five Values Dimension（Hofstede的5种价值维度）power distance IndividualismMasculinity [,m?skjuliniti] –femininity [femininiti] uncertainty avoidancelong-term / short-term orientation.Power Distance (权力差距) This refers to the degree of inequality that exists – and is accepted – among people with and without power. High power distance cultureA high power distance score indicates that society accepts an unequal distribution of power and people understand their place in the system.High power distance cultureinequality is accepted.Social hierarchy（社会等级制 ） is prevalent（普遍的）Power and authority are facts of people’s life.These cultures teach their members that people are not equal in this world and that everybody has a rightful place.High-power-distance countries:India, Africa, Brazil, Singapore, Greece, Venezuela [,venizweil?]委内瑞拉 , Mexico and Philippines [fil?pi:nz].PDI=power distance index（权利差距指数）Low power distance cultureLow PD means that power is shared (共享的) and well dispersed (被分散的). It also means that society members view themselves as equals. Low power distance cultureUse taxation or social welfare program(社会福利) to reduce inequality in rights and opportunity in the workplace.Low power distance cultures are guided by laws, norms, and everyday behaviors which make power distinctions (差别，级别 ) minimal（最小的）.Supervisors（上级） and employees（下属） are considered almost as equals.Low-power-distance countries：Australia, Finland [finl?nd]芬兰 , Denmark [denma:k]丹麦 , Norway挪威 , U.SIndividualism/Collectivism [k?lektiviz?m] (个人主义/集体主义)This dimension can be defined as “the degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than