托福听力lecture的结构.pdf

托福听力 lecture 的结构 1. Lecture有结构 托福听力的 lecture基本上都是总分总的结构， 即 「引入话题—— 展开 讨论 —— 教授总结」，下面分点论述： 1）引入话题 其实托福听力 lecture里面讲课的教授就跟大家碰到过的老师一样， 有 的喜欢直入主题，有的喜欢拉七杂八。总的说来， lecture话题的引入 方式有三种： ? 开门见山：啥也不扯，一言不合就开车，比如 TPO1 Lecture2 ：Ok, let ’s get started. Great.Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of land, or some other geologic feature is –dating techniques . ? 课程回顾：回顾上堂课的内容，然后再切入本堂课的内容；一般来 说本次是上次的细化或者与上次的对比。比如 TPO5 Lecture2 ： Last week, we covered some arguments against going back to the Moon. But there are compelling reasons in favor of another Moon landing too , um … not the least of which is trying to pinpoint the moon ’s age. ? ? 啰哩吧嗦：有的教授实在是特别啰嗦，比如 TPO2 Lecture2 ：Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. 【你也好啊】Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. 【来的人多不好么，说明你受欢迎啊】 Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today 【啊，要放榜啦？】 , but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o ’clock in the morning【你飞机晚点关我 什么事啊？】 . Anyway, I ’ll do my best to have them finished by the next time we meet 【开始上课吧，please】. OK. In the last class, we started talking about... 【终于开始了…】 不论是用哪一种引入方式， 话题总是要出来的。 一般都有一个核心的 话题词，这个词后面一般有一个定义或者解释。比如 TPO5 Lecture3 ：...