中考英语语二轮复习 定语从句讲解及练习课件.pptVIP

一、定义：用来修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句 被修饰的名词、词组或代词称为先行词； 二、关系词和先行词的关系： 关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行 词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。常用的关系词有： 关系代词：who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物) that / whose (先行词表示人或物) 关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语； 可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which 关系副词： when=on+which (表示时间) where =in+which(表示地点) why=for+which(表示原因) 注意：关系副词在从句中充当状语。 三．按关系词种类再学习 1．由that引导的定语从句 　一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，但不能置于介词之后，如不能用in that, 只能是 in which。如：The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father． 2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句 　who在从句中作主语,有时也可以代替whom做宾语；whom在从句中作宾语；whose在从句中作定语。如： 1） This is the thief who stole my bike． 2）He is the boy whom you wanted to find． 3） The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside． 3．由which引导的定语从句 　which指物，在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语。如： 1)The book which Mum bought me last week is very good. 2) The house which was built last year belongs to them. 4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句 　where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如： 1) I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I joined the League． 2) He will go back to the school where (in which ) he studied next week． 3)I dont know the reason why (for which) he quarreled with Zhang Lin． 四．注意点 (1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。 如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3. (2) 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。 如：This is the house (that/ which )we lived in last year.= This is the house in which we lived last year. （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如： What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如： 　This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为物时用which， 而不用that。如： The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. （7）关系词只能用that,不用who或which的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、 形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。例如： He was the first person that p