非谓语动词讲解及练习：分词(The participle).pdf

非谓语动词讲解及练习：分词（The participle） 表语、补语和状语。 一、分词的形式 1.现在分词 现在分词 Vt. (write) Vi. (go) 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 完成式 Eg.) He hurried home, ______ (look) behind at times. _______ (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. _______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting. ________ (never operate) a computer, he met with a lot of difficulties. 2.过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式, 即：动词的过去分词 3.否定形式not +分词 二、分词的句法功能： 1. 作表语： 现在分词作表语：一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的意思, 主语多数情况是 sth. 过去分词作表语： 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数情 况是sb. exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed amusing, amused astonishing, astonished boring, bored confusing, confused disappointing, disappointed encouraging, encouraged embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired eg.) 1.The result was _______ (surprising, surprised) They were _______ (surprising, surprised) at the news. 2.作定语： (单词前置, 分词短语后置；修饰代词时后置) A. 现在分词表示正在实行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 boiling water, boiled water; developing country, developed country; falling leaves, fallen leaves rising sun, risen sun, etc. B. 表示情感心理的Vt 的分词可修饰名词,作前置定语。 Eg.) He told us the ________ (exciting, excited) news. The _______ (exciting, excited) pupils jumped with joy. 注意： 过度除修饰sb. 以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。 Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes. The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice. C.作定语时的位置 单个分词前置, 分词短语后置, 修饰代词时后置单个分词作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的 名词前; 分词短语作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词后 ; 分词在修饰由 some/any/no + thing/body/one 所形成的不定代词或those 之后 ①单个分词前置 a neighboring town an unexpected guest the exciting news 例外：These plastic bottles used can be recycled. (有时单个的分词放在分词后面,用于强调动作) Do you know the number of books ordered? ②分词短语后置 eg.) I don’t know the doctor_____ (seat) at the back. The goods ______ (import) from abroad yesterday remain in good condition. ③分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one 所形成的不