高中英语主谓一致总复习.ppt

语法二： 主谓一致;一.主谓一致的基本原则 1.语法一致：指主语用单数形式，谓语也用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也用复数。 2.意义一致：指主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。eg:My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock. 3.就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。 eg: There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk. ;二.谓语动词只能用单数的12种情况 非谓语动词或从句做主语 to do, 疑问词+to do , 动名词doing, 或主语从句做主语（what引导的从句有例外），谓语动词用单数。 eg: and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. 2. 复合不定代词作主语 以some-,any-,every-,no-开头，以-thing,-body,-one结尾的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ;3. 以-s结尾的学科名，书名，国名做主语 eg: physics, politics,maths,the United States, Wales 4. “more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时位于动词用单数。但是在more+复数名词+than one后谓语动词用复数 eg: More than one student has seen the film. 5. 指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语 指同一人或事物的A and B结构（如 knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter 黄油面包，a teacher and writer老师兼作家）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg：Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain. 鱼和炸土豆片在英国是很受欢迎的膳食。;6. “one/each of+复数名词”作主语时 eg: Each of the students hopes to go to university. 7. 前后名词有every等修饰的并列结构作主语 “every (no, each, many a)+单数名词+and+every(no, each, many a)+单数名词”作主语时 eg: Every desk and every chair in the classroom is new.;8. 在数学四则运算中 eg: Three times six is eighteen. 3乘6得18. 在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用how much提问，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用how many提问,谓语动词多用复数形式。 eg：How many are two times five? How much is eight divided by two? 9.“the number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数 10.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店，住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数;11. 表示时间、距离、重量、金额,书名等的复数名词作主语，可以根据意义一致原则，把这些复数名词看做整体，谓语动词用单数。 eg: Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. Six months has passed, and we still have no new of them. 12.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是谓语动词用单数形式。 eg: One and a half bananas is left on the table. ;三. 谓语动词只能用复数的8种情况 表示某国人的“the+国籍形容词”作主语 eg:The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years. 中国人造纸有两千多年了。 2. 表示某一类人的“the +adj.”作主语 eg:The rich live while the poor die. 富者生，穷者死。 *但也有少数过去分词与定冠词连用指个别 eg: The departed was a well-known writer. 3.表示不同人或事物的并列结构作主语 eg: Both New York and London have traffic problems. 4. “both,/