商业合同条款.docx

商业合同条款 商业合同条款中的Indemnity一、Indemnity 的语义和含义依据Oxford Advanced Learner’s English －Chinese Dictionary 的说明，Indemnity的语义为guarantee against damage or loss．Compensation for these;Money，goods etc given as compensation for damage or loss。即补偿、赔偿、保障、爱护，赔偿物的意思。依据Black’s Law Dictionary 的说明，Indemnity 的含义主要有两种。第一种为A duty to make good any loss，damage，or liability incurred by another。即对另一方患病的损失、损害和责任进展补偿、赔偿的义务。其次种为Theright of an injured party to claim reimbursement for its loss，damage，or liabilityfrom a person who has such a duty。即受害方向义务方要求对其患病的损失、损害或责任进展补偿的权利。因此，Indemnity 的意思和含义主要包括补偿、赔偿、保障、爱护、先行支付、代为支付等。但是需要留意的是，供应Indemnity 的一方，并非肯定是造成损害的过错方。以下是笔者通过长期教学和理论，归纳出的Indemnity 条款的五种主要用法及相应的分析。二、Indemnity 条款的五种主要用法在商业合同中，Indemnity 条款的用法主要有以下五种类型:1 合同一方供应Indemnity 条款例句:The Supplier shall indemnify the Client from any obligations，liabilities，costs and expenses arising out of its performance of the Service．该条款的意思是供货商应当保障客户免于担当因供货商履行效劳而造成的任何义务、责任、费用和损失。这种由合同一方供应Indemnity 的条款(即unilateral indemnity clause)，通常适用于合同效劳内容和形式较为简洁的合同，如供货合同、房屋装修合同等。其特点是客户的义务仅为支付合同款和进展验收，而供货商或承包商须担当大局部的合同义务。2 合同双方对等供应Indemnity 条款例句:The Contractor shall indemnify the Client from claims，damages，lossesand expense arising out of the course of the Services．The Client shall indemnify the Contractor from the claims，damages，lossesand expense which is attributable to negligence，breach of contract by the Client．该条款的意思是承包商应当保障客户免于担当在其供应效劳过程中产生的索赔、损害、损失和费用。而客户也应当保障承包商免于担当因客户的忽略、违约而造成的索赔、损害、损失和费用。以上这种双方对等供应Indemnity 条款，称为reciprocal indemnityclause。通常应用于合同效劳内容较为冗杂，需要客户和承包商共同履行合同义务才能实现合同的目的。3 背靠背供应Indemnity 条款例句:Contractor shall indemnify and hold harmless Customer from any damages，loss and expense of Contractor and against any proceedings and causes of action resulting therefrom howsoever caused and irrespective of the fault or negligence of Customer．Customer shall indemnify and hold harmless Contractor from any damages，loss and expense of Customer and against any proceedings and causes of actionresulting therefrom howso