GRE双语阅读训练第七弹：美国制定新法案.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 GRE双语阅读训练第七弹：美国制定新法案 GRE双语阅读训练：GRE双语阅读训练第七弹：美国制定新法案 GRE考试精品课程训练  Patent reform in America —— Trolls on the hill  美国专利法改革：山上的巨魔  Congress takes aim at patent abusers  国会瞄准了滥用专利权者  IN SCANDINAVIAN folklore trolls were dumpy with grotesque faces and uncontrollable hair.  在斯堪的纳维亚半岛的民间传说里，巨魔们都是长着丑脸、披着乱发的矮胖形象。  These horrifying creatures have given their name to patent trolls, who buy up lots of vaguely worded patents and then use them to extract cash from unsuspecting victims — who pay them off rather than risk a pricey lawsuit.  这些令人恐惧的生物已经将名头赋予那些专利流氓们了，这些人收购大量含糊名称的专利并用来赚无辜受害者的钱，而这些受害者宁愿肤浅给流氓们也不愿意冒险打官司花更多的钱。  It is not hard to identify the obvious ones, but writing laws to catch them without endangering everyone else is.  现在不难去定义这些很明显的案例，但是立法去抓这些流氓们而不伤及无辜就有难度了。  Having tried once with the America Invents Act of 2011, Congress is having another go.  既 2011 年的美国发明法案的尝试后，国会正在尝试另一种方法。  The Innovation Act looks set to become law by the end of the year, after attracting an unusual amount of support from both parties.  创新法案在引起了两党内部不寻常的支持率之后，看似会在年底确定成为正式法律。  Over the past few decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of lawsuits over intellectual-property infringements.  在过去的几十年里，侵犯专利权诉讼的数量持续快速增长。  According to Jim Bessen of BostonUniversity, since the early 1980s the number has increased sixfold.  根据波士顿大学的 Jim Bessen 的数据，在 20 世纪 80 年代早期，诉讼就已增加了六倍。  That might merely be a sign that there has been lots of innovation, but the threefold increase in the number of lawsuits per patent filed over the same period suggests that something else is going on.  这可能是出现很多创新产品的迹象，但是在同时期在平均每项专利上申请的诉讼增加了三倍就说明滋生了其他的问题。  Many patent cases involve companies defending real innovations from copycats.  很多公司在涉及侵犯专利案时都是为了保护真正的创新不被剽窃。  But a large number are pure shakedowns, says Josh Mendelsohn of Engine Advocacy, a lobby group for startups.